Question
क्षेत्रवाद और उसके पीछे के सिद्धांतों को परिभाषित कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 942
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क्षेत्रवाद अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों का एक महत्वपूर्ण आयाम है, जिसके अंतर्गत भौगोलिक रूप से निकट स्थित राष्ट्र आपस में सहयोग स्थापित करने, पारस्परिक हितों की रक्षा करने, आर्थिक विकास को प्रोत्साहित करने और सुरक्षा चुनौतियों का सामूहिक रूप से सामना करने के लिए क्षेत्रीय संगठनों का निर्माण करते हैं। क्षेत्रवाद राष्ट्र-राज्यों के बीच सहयोग की एक ऐसी प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें समान इतिहास, सांस्कृतिक निकटता, आर्थिक परस्पर निर्भरता, राजनीतिक दृष्टिकोणों या सुरक्षा संबंधी आवश्यकताओं के आधार पर क्षेत्रीय एकीकरण और सामूहिक पहचान विकसित होती है। यह वैश्वीकरण के व्यापक ढांचे के भीतर भी अपनी विशिष्ट पहचान बनाए रखता है और राज्यों को स्थानीय तथा अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर की जटिलताओं में संतुलन स्थापित करने में सहायक होता है। क्षेत्रवाद की अवधारणा का उदय द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के उपरांत देखा गया, जब विश्व के अनेक देशों ने यह महसूस किया कि वैश्विक संघर्षों, आर्थिक अव्यवस्था और राजनीतिक अस्थिरता को रोकने के लिए क्षेत्रीय सहयोग आवश्यक है। यूरोप में यूरोपीय संघ के निर्माण, एशिया में ASEAN, दक्षिण एशिया में SAARC, अफ्रीका में अफ्रीकी संघ तथा अमेरिका में OAS जैसी संस्थाओं की स्थापना इसी धारा का परिणाम है। नवक्षेत्रवाद (New Regionalism) के रूप में क्षेत्रीय सहयोग एक अधिक व्यापक और बहुआयामी दृष्टिकोण में परिवर्तित हो चुका है, जिसमें गैर-सरकारी संगठन, निजी संस्थान और नागरिक
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