Question
औपनिवेशिक इतिहास-लेखन के संदर्भ में नस्लवाद
Answer :
Word Count : 1193
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औपनिवेशिक इतिहास-लेखन के संदर्भ में नस्लवाद को समझने के लिए यह देखना आवश्यक है कि ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान भारत के अतीत, समाज और संस्कृति का अध्ययन केवल अकादमिक उद्देश्य से नहीं किया गया था, बल्कि वह औपनिवेशिक सत्ता की आवश्यकताओं से भी गहराई से जुड़ा हुआ था। औपनिवेशिक इतिहासकारों ने भारतीय समाज की सामाजिक संरचनाओं, जाति, धर्म, समुदाय और राजनीतिक संस्थाओं की व्याख्या प्रायः यूरोपीय श्रेष्ठता की धारणा के आधार पर की। इस प्रक्रिया में नस्लवादी विचारों ने भारतीय इतिहास की व्याख्या को प्रभावित किया और भारतीय समाज को स्थिर, पिछड़ा, विभाजित तथा आत्म-शासन के लिए अयोग्य सिद्ध करने का प्रयास किया गया। उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी में यूरोप में वैज्ञानिक नस्लवाद, सामाजिक डार्विनवाद और मानव समाजों को विभिन्न नस्लीय श्रेणियों में बाँटने की प्रवृत्ति विकसित हुई। इन विचारों का प्रभाव भारत के औपनिवेशिक इतिहास-लेखन पर भी पड़ा। यूरोपीय विद्वानों ने भारतीय जनसंख्या को विभिन्न नस्लों में वर्गीकृत करने का प्रयास किया। आर्य और द्रविड़ जैसी श्रेणियों को केवल भाषायी या सांस्कृतिक भिन्नताओं के रूप में न देखकर कई औपनिवेशिक विद्वानों ने उन्हें नस्लीय श्रेणियों के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया। इससे भारतीय समाज को स्वाभाविक रूप से विभाजित और संघर्षपूर्ण दिखाने की प्रवृत्ति मजबूत हुई। जेम्स मिल का इतिहास-लेखन इसका महत्वपूर्ण उदाहरण है। उनकी पुस्तक *History of British India* में भारतीय इतिहास को हिंदू, मुस्लिम और ब्रिटिश काल में विभाजित किया गया। इस विभाजन ने भारतीय अतीत को धार्मिक आधार पर समझने की एक ऐसी पद्धति को बढ़ावा दिया जिसमें सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक निरंतरताओं की उपेक्षा हुई। मिल ने भारतीय समाज को रूढ़िवादी, अंधविश्वासी और राजनीतिक रूप से अपरिपक्व बताया। उनके अनुसार ब्रिटिश
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