Question
एचआईवी / एड्स के वैश्विक और राष्ट्रीय परिदृश्य की व्याख्या करें, इसके प्रसार, प्रभाव और प्रमुख चिंताओं पर प्रकाश डालें।
Answer :
Word Count : 876
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एचआईवी (ह्यूमन इम्यूनोडेफिशिएंसी वायरस) और एड्स (एक्वायर्ड इम्यूनोडेफिशिएंसी सिंड्रोम) आधुनिक विश्व की सबसे गंभीर जनस्वास्थ्य चुनौतियों में से एक रहे हैं। एचआईवी शरीर की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली, विशेषकर CD4 कोशिकाओं पर आक्रमण करता है, जिससे शरीर रोगों से लड़ने में कमजोर हो जाता है। यदि समय पर उपचार न मिले तो यह स्थिति एड्स में बदल सकती है, जिसमें व्यक्ति अनेक अवसरवादी संक्रमणों और कैंसर जैसी जटिलताओं से ग्रसित हो सकता है। पिछले चार दशकों में एचआईवी/एड्स ने वैश्विक स्वास्थ्य, सामाजिक संरचना, आर्थिक विकास और मानव अधिकारों पर गहरा प्रभाव डाला है। वैश्विक परिदृश्य की दृष्टि से एचआईवी संक्रमण की पहचान 1980 के दशक में हुई थी। प्रारंभिक वर्षों में यह बीमारी तेजी से फैली और मृत्यु दर बहुत अधिक थी, क्योंकि उस समय प्रभावी उपचार उपलब्ध नहीं था। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन तथा यूएनएड्स के प्रयासों से जागरूकता, परीक्षण और उपचार सेवाओं का विस्तार हुआ, जिससे स्थिति में उल्लेखनीय सुधार आया। वर्तमान समय में करोड़ों लोग एचआईवी के साथ जीवन जी रहे हैं और एंटीरेट्रोवायरल थेरेपी (ART) के कारण वे सामान्य जीवनकाल के निकट जीवन जी
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