What are the different individual and societal aims that higher education serve?
Individual aim of Education has been criticised on the following grounds: 1. Encouragement of Individualism: Individual aim of education supports individualism. The opponents of this aim of education hold that if education aims at development of individuality, then it will lead to spread of anarchy. The individual may begin to exert to the extent 'Ahm Brahmo Asmi.' (I am God) and then believe "life exists for me; cleer of my way. I must have what I want, and so on." It may produce persons like Hitler and Mussolini, and society will have to face harmful consequences of individualism. Thus individual aim of education is the enemy of socialism. Hence individual aim of education cannot be accepted in the socialistic state.
2. Disregard of Man's Social Nature: The supporters of individual aim of education ignore the fact that man is a social animal and his individuality or selfis realised through social interaction. Raymont says, "An isolated individual is a figment of imagination." It means that only in society and because of society, he acquires a personality—otherwise he remains an animal. 3. Disregard of Environment: Criticising Nunn's autonomous development of individuality, Rusk says that this idea is biological and therefore, defective. Biological development is determined by the past. It ignores the influence of socio-cultural environment and stresses only heredity. Psychology has proved that environment plays a
very significant role in the development of the individuality of the child. Ross beautifully remarks, "Individuality is of no value and personality is a meaningless term apart from social environment." 4. Dimculty in Making Social Adjustment: Under all circumstances man has to live with other individuals in the society. For leading a successful life, it is essential for him to make adjustment with others. Too much emphasis
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