Question
आधुनिक सभ्यता (modern civilization) के विरुद्ध गांधी के तर्कों का समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 1000
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गांधी ने आधुनिक सभ्यता के विरुद्ध अपने तर्क मुख्यतः *हिंद स्वराज* और अपने अन्य लेखों, भाषणों तथा प्रयोगों के माध्यम से प्रस्तुत किए। उनके अनुसार आधुनिक सभ्यता केवल तकनीकी प्रगति या भौतिक सुविधाओं का नाम नहीं है, बल्कि यह जीवन-दृष्टि का एक ऐसा रूप है जो मनुष्य को उसकी नैतिक, आध्यात्मिक और सामाजिक जड़ों से काट देती है। गांधी का पहला और केंद्रीय तर्क यह था कि आधुनिक सभ्यता सुख को भौतिक साधनों की अधिकतम उपलब्धता से जोड़ती है। मशीनों, उद्योगों और उपभोग की निरंतर वृद्धि को प्रगति का मापदंड मान लिया गया है। गांधी के अनुसार यह दृष्टिकोण मनुष्य को साधनों का दास बना देता है और जीवन के उद्देश्य को विकृत कर देता है। वे मानते थे कि वास्तविक सुख आत्मसंयम, संतोष और नैतिक जीवन से उत्पन्न होता है, न कि अधिक से अधिक वस्तुओं के उपभोग से। गांधी ने आधुनिक सभ्यता की आलोचना इस आधार पर भी की कि यह हिंसा पर आधारित है। उद्योगों के विस्तार, औपनिवेशिक शासन और आर्थिक शोषण के पीछे बल और दमन की शक्तियाँ काम करती हैं। आधुनिक राज्य व्यवस्था में कानून, सेना और पुलिस के माध्यम से हिंसा को वैधता दी जाती है। गांधी के अनुसार ऐसी सभ्यता जो अपने अस्तित्व
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