Question
Explain the steps involved in Critical Path Method (CPM)? How does CPM help in effective planning and management of an extension programme? Cuve suitable examples.
Answer :
Word Count : 1501
__________ _______ ________ _____ _______ _____ __________ ________ _________ ____.
_____ _____ ______ __________ _______.
___ ____ __________ _____ ____ _____ __________ _____ ______ _________ _________.
__________ _______ _________ _____ __________ _______ _________ ________ _____ ____ _____.
______ ______ ___ _____ ___ ______.
_________ ______ ______ ____ _________ _________ ___ _________ ___ __________ _______ _____.
_________ _____ ______ _____ ______ _______ ____ _________.
___ ___ _____ ____ ___ __________ ______ _____ _____.
_____ _________ _____ _______ ____ ____ ________ __________ _________ _____ ___.
______ _____ ____ ____ _________ ____ __________ ___ ____ ____.
______ ______ _____ ________ _________ ___ _________.
______ __________ ______ _______ ______ ____ ________ __________ _____ ___.
_________ _____ _______ _____ _________ __________ _____ ___ _________.
__________ __________ __________ __________ ________ __________ __________ ________ _________ __________ ____ _______.
_______ __________ __________ ____ __________ _______.
___ _____ ____ _________ ______ ___ ____ __________ ________ ____ ____.
_________ _______ _____ _______ _________ __________ ___ _________.
__________ ______ _______ _________ _____ _________ _______ __________ _________ _________ ________.
_________ _______ ____ ________ __________.
__________ ______ _____ _______ ________ ___ __________ ____ ______.
______ _____ _____ __________ _________ _____.
_____ ________ __________ __________ ___ _____ ____ _________ ____ _____.
___ ___ _________ ______ ________ ______ __________ _________.
_________ ____ ____ _____ __________ __________.
_________ ____ ____ ____ ____.
________ ________ ________ ________ ______.
_______ ________ ____ ___ _________.
____ ____ _________ ____ _______ ____ _____ ________.
_____ _____ ___ ____ _______ ___.
_______ _________ _____ ______ _____ _________ _____ _____ ____ _____.
__________ _____ ____ _________ _______ ____ ___ ____.
________ _________ ________ ___ _____.
_________ _________ ____ __________ _________ _________ __________ _________ ________ __________ ___ _________.
_________ ___ _________ ________ _________ ____ ______ ______.
_____ _____ _______ ______ ______ _____.
____ _________ _____ ______ ___ _____ ________ _______ _____ ____.
____ _____ _________ ____ ______ _________.
______ _________ _________ _________ ______ ___ _______.
_______ _____ _______ ___ ____ ____ __________ ___ ___ __________ ______ _____.
___ __________ _____ __________ __________ ______.
_____ _________ ________ __________ ___ ____ _________ _________ ____ ________ _______ _______.
_______ _________ ___ _____ ___ ______ __________.
______ ___ _______ __________ _____ __________ __________ _________ _______ _________.
_______ _________ ________ __________ ______ ____ ________ __________ ___.
___ _____ _____ ____ _______ ____ ___ ________ __________ _________ ____.
_____ ________ _________ _____ _________ __________ _____.
__________ ______ __________ _____ ________ ____ ________ _____ ____ _____ __________ ____.
______ _______ ________ _______ ______.
_____ _________ __________ ____ _____ _______.
__________ ________ ________ ________ ______.
__________ _____ ____ __________ ___ ____ ______ ___.
______ __________ ______ __________ ___ ____ _________ ___ _____ ___ ___.
___ ______ ___ __________ __________ _____ _______ ________ _________ __________ _________.
______ ____ ____ ___ ______ ________ _________.
_________ ______ __________ ______ _____ _________ ___ __________ ___ ______ _______.
______ ______ __________ _________ _________ ___ ________.
________ _____ _________ ______ ______ _________ __________.
________ ______ __________ ______ _____ ___ ______ __________ _______ _________.
_________ __________ _____ ______ _____ ___ _________ ___ ________ __________.
___ ____ ______ ___ _____ _______ ______ ______ ______.
_________ _____ ____ __________ _____ _______ __________ ________ ______.
____ ____ _______ ____ ______ ________ __________ _____ _____ _____ ______ ____.
________ __________ _________ ________ ________.
_______ ___ _______ _____ _____ ____.
______ _______ ________ __________ _________.
____ __________ _________ _____ ____ ______.
________ ______ ___ ____ ____ ____ __________ _______.
____ __________ ____ _________ ______.
______ ______ _________ ____ ___ ______.
_______ ____ ______ ____ ______ _______ ______ ______.
___ _______ ________ _______ _________ _____ __________ _________ ________ _________.
_______ ___ __________ _________ ______ _________ _________ __________.
_________ _________ ________ __________ _________ ____ ___.
__________ ___ ____ ________ _____ __________.
________ ________ _________ ___ ___ ____ _________ _____.
____ _________ ___ _________ ___ __________ ________.
_______ _________ _____ __________ ___ _________ ________ ___.
______ ___ _______ ___ ___ _____ ________ __________ _______ _______ __________ _______.
_________ ________ ___ __________ ________ ___ ________ _________ ______ ________.
_____ _________ _______ _____ ________.
_____ ___ ___ ____ _____.
____ ___ _________ ________ _______ ________.
_____ _______ __________ ________ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________.
________ ___ _______ _________ ____ ______.
___ ___ ___ ________ ____.
_________ _________ _____ _____ _______ ______ __________ ___ _______ ___ __________.
______ ___ ____ ___ ________ _________ ______ ____ __________.
_____ _____ _____ ________ __________.
________ _______ ___ __________ __________ ____.
_____ ____ _________ __________ ______ _________ ____ _______ __________ _____.
_______ _________ __________ ________ _________ __________ _________ _________.
_________ __________ ______ ____ _____ ___ ________ ______ ___ _________.
_____ __________ ____ ____ _________ _____.
_________ ____ ____ ___ ______ __________ ___ ______ _________ ____.
__________ _________ _______ _____ ____ _________ ______ ________ _____.
__________ _________ _____ ________ _____ _____ ________ __________.
_____ ___ ________ _________ ______ ______ ________ __________ ____ ___ _____ ________.
____ _________ __________ __________ _________ _______ ______.
___ ________ _____ ________ _________ ________.
____ ________ _________ ___ ____.
____ ____ _________ ____ ___ __________ _____ ______.
__________ ____ ____ _______ _____ ____ _____ _________.
__________ ________ _____ ____ __________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ______ ____.
___ ___ __________ _________ ______ __________ _____.
_________ _________ ____ _________ ____ _____ ________ ____ ___ ____ _______.
_________ _____ _____ _______ _____ ________ _____ __________ ___ __________ _________ _______.
________ ______ ________ __________ _____ ____ __________ ____ ________.
___ _______ ____ __________ _________ __________ ______ _____ ___.
____ ________ __________ ___ ____ _________ ______.
__________ _______ _______ __________ _________ ____.
_____ ______ ________ _______ ___ __________ ___ _________.
____ ______ _________ ________ ___ _____ ____ ________ ______ ______.
_____ ______ ______ __________ ___ __________ _______ ________.
____ ______ _______ ___ _________.
_________ ____ ________ ______ _________ ______ _____ _________ ______.
__________ _________ _______ _________ _________ ___ _____ _______.
__________ _____ ____ ________ _____ _________ _______ _________ ________.
____ _____ __________ _____ ___ _______ ____ _______ _______.
______ ___ ________ ______ ____ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ _________.
___ __________ _________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _____ _________ ______.
_________ ______ _________ ___ ________ ______ _____ _____.
___ ___ _____ _________ ________ ____ ____ _________ ____ ___ _____.
_______ ____ ___ ___ _____ _________ ______ _____ _______ __________.
_______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ________ _____ _______ ____ _________ _____ ________.
_________ _____ ___ ________ ___ ____.
______ _____ __________ _____ ___ ______ _______ ________ ________ _______.
_______ ______ ______ _____ _______ _________ _______.
_______ _____ _____.
Skip in 10
Steps in CPM Project Planning:
- Specify the individual activities.
- Determine the sequence of those activities.
- Draw a network diagram.
- Estimate the completion time for each activity.
- Identify the critical path (the longest path through the network)
- Update the CPM diagram as the project progresses.
1. Specify the individual activities.
From the Work Breakdown Structure, a listing can be made of all the activities in the project. This listing can be used as the basis for adding sequence and duration information in later steps.
2. Determine the sequence of those activities.
Some activities are dependent upon the completion of others. A listing of the immediate predecessors of each activity is useful for constructing the CPM network diagram.
3. Draw a network diagram.
Once the activities and their sequencing have been defined, the CPM diagram can be drawn. CPM originally was developed as an activity on node (AON) network, but some project planners prefer to specify the activities on the arcs.
4. Estimate the completion time for each activity.
The time required to complete each activity can be estimated using past experience or the estimates of knowledgeable persons. CPM is a deterministic model that does not take into account variation in the completion time, so only one number can be used for an activity’s time estimate.
5. Identify the critical path
The critical path is the longest-duration path through the network. The significance of the critical path is that the activities that lie on it cannot be delayed without delaying the project. Because of its impact on the entire project, critical path analysis is an important aspect of project planning.
The critical path can be identified by determining the following four parameters for each activity:
- ES – earliest start time: the earliest time at which an activity can begin given that its predecessor activities must be completed first.
- EF – earliest finish time, equal to the earliest start time for the activity plus the time required to complete the activity.
- LF – latest finish time: the latest time at which an activity can be completed without delaying the project.
- LS – latest start time, equal to the latest finish time minus the time required to complete the activity.
The slack or float time for an activity is the time between the earliest and latest start time, or between the earliest and latest finish time. Slack is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed past its earliest start or earliest finish without delaying the project.
The critical path is the path through the project network in which none of the activities have slack, that is, the path for which LS=ES and LF=EF for all activities in
_____ _____ ______ __________ _______.
___ ____ __________ _____ ____ _____ __________ _____ ______ _________ _________.
__________ _______ _________ _____ __________ _______ _________ ________ _____ ____ _____.
______ ______ ___ _____ ___ ______.
_________ ______ ______ ____ _________ _________ ___ _________ ___ __________ _______ _____.
_________ _____ ______ _____ ______ _______ ____ _________.
___ ___ _____ ____ ___ __________ ______ _____ _____.
_____ _________ _____ _______ ____ ____ ________ __________ _________ _____ ___.
______ _____ ____ ____ _________ ____ __________ ___ ____ ____.
______ ______ _____ ________ _________ ___ _________.
______ __________ ______ _______ ______ ____ ________ __________ _____ ___.
_________ _____ _______ _____ _________ __________ _____ ___ _________.
__________ __________ __________ __________ ________ __________ __________ ________ _________ __________ ____ _______.
_______ __________ __________ ____ __________ _______.
___ _____ ____ _________ ______ ___ ____ __________ ________ ____ ____.
_________ _______ _____ _______ _________ __________ ___ _________.
__________ ______ _______ _________ _____ _________ _______ __________ _________ _________ ________.
_________ _______ ____ ________ __________.
__________ ______ _____ _______ ________ ___ __________ ____ ______.
______ _____ _____ __________ _________ _____.
_____ ________ __________ __________ ___ _____ ____ _________ ____ _____.
___ ___ _________ ______ ________ ______ __________ _________.
_________ ____ ____ _____ __________ __________.
_________ ____ ____ ____ ____.
________ ________ ________ ________ ______.
_______ ________ ____ ___ _________.
____ ____ _________ ____ _______ ____ _____ ________.
_____ _____ ___ ____ _______ ___.
_______ _________ _____ ______ _____ _________ _____ _____ ____ _____.
__________ _____ ____ _________ _______ ____ ___ ____.
________ _________ ________ ___ _____.
_________ _________ ____ __________ _________ _________ __________ _________ ________ __________ ___ _________.
_________ ___ _________ ________ _________ ____ ______ ______.
_____ _____ _______ ______ ______ _____.
____ _________ _____ ______ ___ _____ ________ _______ _____ ____.
____ _____ _________ ____ ______ _________.
______ _________ _________ _________ ______ ___ _______.
_______ _____ _______ ___ ____ ____ __________ ___ ___ __________ ______ _____.
___ __________ _____ __________ __________ ______.
_____ _________ ________ __________ ___ ____ _________ _________ ____ ________ _______ _______.
_______ _________ ___ _____ ___ ______ __________.
______ ___ _______ __________ _____ __________ __________ _________ _______ _________.
_______ _________ ________ __________ ______ ____ ________ __________ ___.
___ _____ _____ ____ _______ ____ ___ ________ __________ _________ ____.
_____ ________ _________ _____ _________ __________ _____.
__________ ______ __________ _____ ________ ____ ________ _____ ____ _____ __________ ____.
______ _______ ________ _______ ______.
_____ _________ __________ ____ _____ _______.
__________ ________ ________ ________ ______.
__________ _____ ____ __________ ___ ____ ______ ___.
______ __________ ______ __________ ___ ____ _________ ___ _____ ___ ___.
___ ______ ___ __________ __________ _____ _______ ________ _________ __________ _________.
______ ____ ____ ___ ______ ________ _________.
_________ ______ __________ ______ _____ _________ ___ __________ ___ ______ _______.
______ ______ __________ _________ _________ ___ ________.
________ _____ _________ ______ ______ _________ __________.
________ ______ __________ ______ _____ ___ ______ __________ _______ _________.
_________ __________ _____ ______ _____ ___ _________ ___ ________ __________.
___ ____ ______ ___ _____ _______ ______ ______ ______.
_________ _____ ____ __________ _____ _______ __________ ________ ______.
____ ____ _______ ____ ______ ________ __________ _____ _____ _____ ______ ____.
________ __________ _________ ________ ________.
_______ ___ _______ _____ _____ ____.
______ _______ ________ __________ _________.
____ __________ _________ _____ ____ ______.
________ ______ ___ ____ ____ ____ __________ _______.
____ __________ ____ _________ ______.
______ ______ _________ ____ ___ ______.
_______ ____ ______ ____ ______ _______ ______ ______.
___ _______ ________ _______ _________ _____ __________ _________ ________ _________.
_______ ___ __________ _________ ______ _________ _________ __________.
_________ _________ ________ __________ _________ ____ ___.
__________ ___ ____ ________ _____ __________.
________ ________ _________ ___ ___ ____ _________ _____.
____ _________ ___ _________ ___ __________ ________.
_______ _________ _____ __________ ___ _________ ________ ___.
______ ___ _______ ___ ___ _____ ________ __________ _______ _______ __________ _______.
_________ ________ ___ __________ ________ ___ ________ _________ ______ ________.
_____ _________ _______ _____ ________.
_____ ___ ___ ____ _____.
____ ___ _________ ________ _______ ________.
_____ _______ __________ ________ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________.
________ ___ _______ _________ ____ ______.
___ ___ ___ ________ ____.
_________ _________ _____ _____ _______ ______ __________ ___ _______ ___ __________.
______ ___ ____ ___ ________ _________ ______ ____ __________.
_____ _____ _____ ________ __________.
________ _______ ___ __________ __________ ____.
_____ ____ _________ __________ ______ _________ ____ _______ __________ _____.
_______ _________ __________ ________ _________ __________ _________ _________.
_________ __________ ______ ____ _____ ___ ________ ______ ___ _________.
_____ __________ ____ ____ _________ _____.
_________ ____ ____ ___ ______ __________ ___ ______ _________ ____.
__________ _________ _______ _____ ____ _________ ______ ________ _____.
__________ _________ _____ ________ _____ _____ ________ __________.
_____ ___ ________ _________ ______ ______ ________ __________ ____ ___ _____ ________.
____ _________ __________ __________ _________ _______ ______.
___ ________ _____ ________ _________ ________.
____ ________ _________ ___ ____.
____ ____ _________ ____ ___ __________ _____ ______.
__________ ____ ____ _______ _____ ____ _____ _________.
__________ ________ _____ ____ __________ _______ ______ __________ _____ ______ ____.
___ ___ __________ _________ ______ __________ _____.
_________ _________ ____ _________ ____ _____ ________ ____ ___ ____ _______.
_________ _____ _____ _______ _____ ________ _____ __________ ___ __________ _________ _______.
________ ______ ________ __________ _____ ____ __________ ____ ________.
___ _______ ____ __________ _________ __________ ______ _____ ___.
____ ________ __________ ___ ____ _________ ______.
__________ _______ _______ __________ _________ ____.
_____ ______ ________ _______ ___ __________ ___ _________.
____ ______ _________ ________ ___ _____ ____ ________ ______ ______.
_____ ______ ______ __________ ___ __________ _______ ________.
____ ______ _______ ___ _________.
_________ ____ ________ ______ _________ ______ _____ _________ ______.
__________ _________ _______ _________ _________ ___ _____ _______.
__________ _____ ____ ________ _____ _________ _______ _________ ________.
____ _____ __________ _____ ___ _______ ____ _______ _______.
______ ___ ________ ______ ____ ___ ____ _____ _____ _______ _________.
___ __________ _________ _______ _______ ________ ________ _____ _________ ______.
_________ ______ _________ ___ ________ ______ _____ _____.
___ ___ _____ _________ ________ ____ ____ _________ ____ ___ _____.
_______ ____ ___ ___ _____ _________ ______ _____ _______ __________.
_______ ___ ___ ____ ______ ________ _____ _______ ____ _________ _____ ________.
_________ _____ ___ ________ ___ ____.
______ _____ __________ _____ ___ ______ _______ ________ ________ _______.
_______ ______ ______ _____ _______ _________ _______.
_______ _____ _____.
IGNOU ACADEMY
Your IGNOU journey, made easier.
- Solved Assignments
- Study Notes
- Guess Papers
- Question Papers
Continue Reading — It's Free
Sign in with Google to unlock more of this answer.
✓ Free access
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
Quick Google sign-in. No separate registration form.